Some server-side applications embed COinS, including refbase.Ĭlient tools which can make use of COinS include: The following websites make use of COinS: However the guidelines are not required part of COinS, so the standard does not provide a strict metadata model like Dublin Core or the Bibliographic Ontology. The ContextObject implementation guidelines of COinS include four publication types (article with several subtypes, book, patent, and generic) and a couple of simple fields. Summary of the data modelįrom OpenURL 1.0 COinS borrows one of its serialization formats ("KEV") and some ContextObject metadata formats included in OpenURL implementation guidelines. The specification can now be found at, which includes specific guides to implement COinS for journal articles and books. The adoption of COinS was pushed by various publications and implementations. A ContextObject is embedded in an HTML span element. Discussion of the latter on the GPS-PCS mailing list resulted in a draft specification for embedding OpenURLs in HTML, which later became COinS. Embedding OpenURL ContextObjects in HTML had been proposed before by Herbert Van de Sompel and Oren Beit-Arie and a working paper by Chudnov and Jeremy Frumkin. In January 2005 Daniel Chudnov suggested the use of OpenURL. In late 2004, Richard Cameron, the creator of CiteULike, drew attention to the need for a standard way of embedding metadata in HTML pages. A core part of OpenURL was the concept of "ContextObjects" as metadata to describe referenced resources. The OpenURL framework was later standardized as ANSI/NISO Z39.88 in 2004 (revised 2010). The OpenURL link server implementation called SFX was sold to Ex Libris Group which marketed it to libraries, shaping the idea of a "link resolver". In the late 1990s OpenURL was created at Ghent University as framework to provide context-sensitive links.
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